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01/03/2025, 13:51 更新
從十二因緣看因缘法則
過去世 現在世 未來世的因果關係
Translation: Understanding the Law of Dependent Origination through the Twelve Links of Causation.
The Causal Relationships Across Past, Present, and Future Lives.
1. 無明 （上一生的因）
• 對苦的成因無知-四聖諦（苦、集、滅、道），不知世間的法則是因缘和合，没有「空」正見，「我」執重。
1. Ignorance (Cause from Past Life)
• Ignorance of the cause of suffering-the Four Noble Truths (suffering, origin, cessation, path). Lack of understanding of dependent origination (all phenomena arise from causes and conditions) and emptiness. Heavy attachment to the notion of "self."
2. 行（上一生的因）
• 由無明驅動的「業力造作」，包括身、口、意的行為（善業、惡業、無記業）。
2. Volitional Formations (Cause from Past Life)
• Karmic activities (physical, verbal, and mental actions-wholesome karma, unwholesome karma or neutral karma) driven by ignorance.
3. 識 （牽引至今生）
• 業力牽引的「中陰身」進入母胎，形成新生命。
3. Consciousness (Transition to Present Life)
• The "intermediate state" (antarabhava) guided by karma enters the womb, initiating a new life.
4. 名色（今生五蘊）
•「名」指精神（受、想、行、識），「色」指物質身體，胚胎初期的身心狀態。
4. Name and Form (Five Aggregates in Present Life)
• "Name" refers to the mental aggregates (feeling, perception, mental formations, consciousness); "Form" is the physical body. The embryonic stage of mind and body.
5. 六入（今生六根）
• 眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意六根（感官）成熟，具備感知外境的能力。
5. Six Sense Bases (Six Faculties in Present Life)
• Maturation of the six senses: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind, enabling interaction with the external world.
6. 觸 （今生感知）
• 六根接觸外境（色、聲、香、味、觸、法），產生感知。
6. Contact (Sensory Experience in Present Life)
• Interaction between the six senses and their objects (sights, sounds, smells, tastes, tactile sensations, and mental phenomena), generating perception.
7.受
• 因接觸而生起的苦、樂、不苦不樂感受。
7. Feeling
• Sensations arising from contact: pain, pleasure, or neutrality.
8.愛
• 對樂受的貪愛、對苦受的憎惡，產生強烈執取。
8. Craving
• Attachment to pleasurable feelings and aversion to painful ones, fueling desire.
9.取
• 因貪愛而「執取」外境（財、色、名、利、見解等），強化「我執」。
9. Clinging
• Grasping at external objects (wealth, sensory pleasures, fame, views, etc.), reinforcing the illusion of "self."
10. 有（種下來生的因）
• 執取後累積的業力，形成未來世的「存在」（善有、惡有、不動業）。
10. Becoming (Planting Seeds for Future Life)
• Accumulated karma from clinging creates the conditions for future existence (wholesome, unwholesome, or meditative karma).
11. 生（牽引至來生）
• 因業力牽引，再次投胎受生（六道中的任何一道）
11. Birth (Transition to Future Life)
• Rebirth into one of the six realms (gods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, hell beings, or asuras) driven by karma.
12. 老死（來生的循環）
• 生必有老、病、死等苦，循環不息。
12. Aging and Death (Cycle in Future Life)
• Inevitable suffering of old age, sickness, death, and the perpetuation of the cycle.
四聖諦
• 苦（當知），集（當斷），滅（當證），道（當修）。
The Four Noble Truths
1. Suffering (to Understand): Recognize the universality of suffering.
2. Origin (to Abandon): Eliminate the root cause (craving and ignorance).
3. Cessation (to Realize): Attain Nirvana, the end of suffering.
4. Path (to Cultivate): Follow the Eightfold Path to liberation.
世俗見：性、相、用
開展般若智：空性、無相、無用（三輪體空），現證「無智、無得，亦無無得」
Conventional vs. Ultimate Truth
• Conventional View: Essence (*svabhäva*).
• Form (*laksana*), Function (*kriyä*).
• Prajña Wisdom: Emptiness (*sunyata*), Formlessness (*animitta*), Functionlessness (*apranihita*) - the "Threefold Non-Attainment" (*trimandala-sunyata*).
• Realization: "No wisdom, no attainment, and no non-attainment" (as in the *Heart Sutra*), transcending dualistic concepts to embody ultimate truth.
This framework reveals how karma and ignorance bind beings to cyclic existence (*samsāra*), while insight into dependent origination and emptiness liberates the mind.